Habibullah-Ruslan Nafisullin

My name is Habibullah-Ruslan Nafisullin. I am an interdisciplinary researcher in the field of artificial intelligence in the Islamic context, and the author and coordinator of the “Islamic Code for the Application of AI.” I am pleased to welcome you to a website dedicated to integrating Islamic values and the norms of the Sharīʿah in an era of rapid development of artificial intelligence.

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Cases & Analyses

Air Canada: the chatbot liability case

In February 2024, the Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia (CRT) held that the company bears responsibility for inaccurate information provided by its web chatbot. The ruling has become a touchstone for consumer‑facing AI practices. Benefit for the reader. The case clarifies how human responsibility (مَسْؤُولِيَّةٌ بَشَرِيَّةٌ) and transparency (شَفَافِيَّةٌ) are understood in consumer services […]

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For Muslims

Can AI Be Trusted in Religious Matters?

AI helps to search for knowledge. Yet religious rulings (أَحْكَامٌ) remain a human responsibility. A large language model — LLM (large language model) can suggest drafts, but it does not replace a mufti or an imam. Under the Code, decision‑making must be left to humans (see 1.4.2; 2.1.3; 2.2.32). AI is useful for lookups and

Code Commentary

Tawḥīd and the Prohibition of “Deifying Technology”: §2.1.1 in Practice

The Code reminds us that the foundation is التَّوْحِيدُ (tawḥīd, monotheism). Technology cannot become an object of veneration. AI is only a tool with clear حُدُودٌ (boundaries). 1) Wording and Scope of Application Item §2.1.1. “Monotheism and a warning against techno-deification.” AI development and operation must rest on strict adherence to the principle of monotheism.

Code Commentary

Islamic AI Code: How to Read and Apply

The Code ensures that AI serves society without crossing the bounds of الشَّرِيعَةُ (Sharia). It clarifies human roles and حُدُودٌ (boundaries) across the entire lifecycle of AI systems. Below is how to understand and apply Section 1 “General Provisions” in practice. 1) What exactly we analyze and where it applies Formulation of the norm (items

AI News • Shariah Lens

Michigan banned intimate deepfakes: compliance with the Islamic AI Code.

On August 26, 2025, the State of Michigan criminalized the creation and distribution of intimate deepfakes—synthetic images/video/audio featuring a real person in a sexual context without consent. The new law is officially titled the Protection from Intimate Deep Fakes Act (HB 4047/4048) and introduces both criminal and civil liability. In simple terms, we explain what

For Muslims

Why Does the Muslim Community Need the Islamic Code for the Application of Artificial Intelligence?

In the modern era, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly entering all spheres of life—from education and healthcare to business, public administration, and religious practices. New challenges and questions arise: how can society be safeguarded from the harms of technology? How can ethical and religious norms be preserved amid digital transformation? What standards should define the

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